止损是一种广泛使用的订单类型,主要用于限制市场逆向变动时的可能损失。
止损仅用于已开设的头寸。当市场情况不利于交易者、并且价格已经触及止损水平时,交易将被自动结束。因此,止损有助于交易者控制亏损,在交易失败时保证至少一部分资金的安全。
如果交易者不使用止损订单,头寸或在亏损等于全部存款时被经纪商结束。
止损订单有3种类型:固定止损、追踪止损和复合止损。
固定止损在开设头寸时设定。相反,追踪止损可以根据价格的变动随时变化。追踪止损的另一个名字是移动止损,它可以根据交易者的设置自动或手动更改。
现在有许多关于是否有必要使用止损的讨论。有些交易者相信止损应该是交易必不可少的,强调止损防止全部资金损失的功能。如果价格沿着与预测相反的方向迅速变动,未能及时结束的交易可以造成显著的亏损。止损的反对者相信这种订单不但可以限制损失,也会限制利润。因为价格变动常常不可预测且出乎意料,它会在越过止损线反弹几次之后按照交易者预期的方向发展。这种情况下可能盈利的头寸就会被止损结束。
一般来说,是否使用止损取决于交易者自己的个人策略。所以,对使用止损的必要性没有一致的观点。
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